ʻO nā mea palaki a me ke kālai ʻana i nā aniani ke kumu no nā aniani liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ka aniani palaki e pili ana i ka mea aniani, ka pahu aniani, ka mea kau aniani, ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, ka pepa hoʻomalu, ka mea apo kaomi, a pēlā aku.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano mea lens no nā aniani plastik, ʻo ia mau mea a pau he plastik (polymer molekala kiʻekiʻe). He mau thermoplastics lākou, nā plastik e palupalu a lilo i plastik ke hoʻomehana ʻia, paʻakikī ke hoʻomaʻalili ʻia, a palupalu ke hoʻomehana hou ʻia. He loli kino e hana ai i kahi loli hoʻohuli ma waena o nā kūlana wai a me nā kūlana paʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomehana a me ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana. Ua hana mua ʻia kekahi mau mea a he mea hou kekahi. ʻO kekahi he mau plastik noi no ke kumu maʻamau, a ʻo kekahi mau mea he mau mea plastik optical i hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻia, i hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia ma kekahi mau kahua optical.

I ka hoʻolālā optical, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā ʻano mea o nā ʻoihana like ʻole, e like me EP8000, K26R, APL5015, OKP-1 a pēlā aku. No lākou āpau i kahi ʻano mea plastik, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻano aʻe, a e hoʻokaʻawale mākou iā lākou e like me ko lākou manawa ʻike ʻia:

ʻO nā aniani plastik

• PMMA/ʻAcrylic:ʻO Poly(methyl methacrylate), polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass, acrylic). Ma muli o kona kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka transmittance kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ʻo PMMA ka pani aniani maʻamau i ke ola. Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā plastics moakaka me PMMA, e like me nā papa moakaka, nā puna moakaka, a me nā LED liʻiliʻi. lens etc. Ua hana nui ʻia ka PMMA mai ka makahiki 1930.
• PS:ʻO ka Polystyrene, polystyrene, he thermoplastic kala ʻole a moakaka hoʻi, a he plastic ʻenekinia hoʻi, i hoʻomaka i ka hana nui ʻana i nā makahiki 1930. He nui nā pahu huʻa keʻokeʻo a me nā pahu ʻaina awakea i maʻamau i ko mākou ola i hana ʻia me nā mea PS.
• kamepiula:ʻO ka Polycarbonate, polycarbonate, he thermoplastic amorphous ʻaʻohe kala a moakaka hoʻi, a he plastic hana maʻamau nō hoʻi. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki 1960 wale nō. Maikaʻi loa ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka mea PC, ʻo nā hoʻohana maʻamau e komo pū me nā bākeke hoʻokaʻawale wai, nā goggles, a pēlā aku.
• COP & COC:ʻO Cyclic olefin Polymer (COP), Cyclic olefin polymer; Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) ʻO Cyclic olefin copolymer, he mea polymer moakaka amorphous me kahi ʻano apo, me nā pilina pālua carbon-carbon i loko o ke apo. Hana ʻia nā hydrocarbons cyclic mai nā monomers olefin cyclic ma o ka self-polymerization (COP) a i ʻole copolymerization (COC) me nā molekala ʻē aʻe (e like me ethylene). ʻAneʻane like nā ʻano o COP a me COC. He mea hou kēia mea. I ka wā i hana mua ʻia ai, ua noʻonoʻo nui ʻia no kekahi mau noi pili optical. I kēia manawa ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā ʻoihana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, lens optical, hōʻike, lāʻau lapaʻau (ʻōmole ʻōpala). Ua hoʻopau ʻo COP i ka hana ʻoihana ma kahi o 1990, a ua hoʻopau ʻo COC i ka hana ʻoihana ma mua o 2000.
• ʻO-PET:Ua kūʻai ʻia aku ka fiber polyester optical, ʻo O-PET ma Osaka i nā makahiki 2010.

I ke kālailai ʻana i kahi mea optical, ke nānā nui nei mākou i kā lākou mau waiwai optical a me nā mechanical.

ʻO ka p ʻōnaehananā hale kūʻai

• ʻIndeks Refractive a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana

ʻIndeks refractive a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kēia kiʻikuhi hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo e hāʻule ana nā mea palaki optical like ʻole i ʻelua mau wā: ʻo kekahi hui he index refractive kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻopuehu kiʻekiʻe; ʻo kekahi hui he index refractive haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻopuehu haʻahaʻa. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i ka laulā koho o ka index refractive a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā mea aniani, e ʻike mākou he haiki loa ka laulā koho o ka index refractive o nā mea plastik, a he haʻahaʻa loa ka index refractive o nā mea plastik optical āpau. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka haiki o ka laulā o nā koho no nā mea plastik, a aia wale nō ma kahi o 10 a 20 mau papa mea kalepa, kahi e kaupalena nui ai i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā optical ma ke ʻano o nā mea.

ʻOkoʻa ka helu kuhikuhi refractive me ka nalu: Hoʻonui ka helu kuhikuhi refractive o nā mea plastik optical me ka nalu, emi iki ka helu kuhikuhi refractive, a paʻa ka laulā holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻololi ka helu kuhi manaʻo me ka mahana Dn/DT: ʻO ke koina mahana o ka helu kuhi manaʻo o nā plastics optical he 6 a 50 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke aniani, he waiwai maikaʻi ʻole ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, emi iho ka helu kuhi manaʻo. No ka laʻana, no ka nalu o 546nm, -20°C a 40°C, ʻo ka waiwai dn/dT o ka mea plastic he -8 a -15X10^–5/°C, ʻoiai i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka waiwai o ka mea aniani NBK7 he 3X10^–6/°C.

• Hoʻoili

ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana

E pili ana i kēia kiʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā plastics optical he transmittance ma mua o 90% ma ke kāʻei kukui ʻike ʻia; loaʻa iā lākou kahi transmittance maikaʻi no nā kāʻei infrared o 850nm a me 940nm, kahi mea maʻamau i nā mea uila mea kūʻai. E emi pū ka transmittance o nā mea plastic i kekahi ʻano me ka manawa. ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ka plastic e omo i nā kukuna ultraviolet i ka lā, a haki ke kaulahao molekala e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻopili, e hopena ana i nā loli i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika. ʻO ka hōʻike macroscopic maopopo loa ʻo ia ka melemele o ka mea plastic.

• ʻO ka Birefringence Stress

ʻO ka refraction aniani

ʻO ka birefringence stress (Birefringence) kahi waiwai optical o nā mea. Pili ka index refractive o nā mea i ke kūlana polarization a me ke kuhikuhi hoʻolaha o ka mālamalama hanana. Hōʻike nā mea i nā ʻōkuhi refraction like ʻole no nā kūlana polarization like ʻole. No kekahi mau ʻōnaehana, he liʻiliʻi loa kēia ʻokoʻa index refractive a ʻaʻohe hopena nui i ka ʻōnaehana, akā no kekahi mau ʻōnaehana optical kūikawā, ua lawa kēia ʻokoʻa e hoʻoulu ai i ka hōʻino nui ʻana o ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana.

ʻAʻohe ʻano anisotropic o nā mea palaki iā lākou iho, akā ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā palaki e hoʻokomo i ka birefringence stress. ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ke kaumaha i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā macromolecules palaki ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ke kaumaha ma kahi kokoke i ka puka injection, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana maʻamau, ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka birefringence stress ma ka mokulele optical effective, kahi e pono ai kahi hoʻolālā kūpono o ke ʻano lens, ka ʻōmole hoʻoheheʻe injection a me nā palena hana. Ma waena o kekahi mau mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea PC i ka birefringence stress (ma kahi o 10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā mea PMMA), a ʻo nā mea COP, COC, a me PMMA he haʻahaʻa ka birefringence stress.