Iikhamera zeemoto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiimotointsimi, kwaye iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwazo ziya zisanda ngokwahluka, ukusuka kwiirekhodi zokuqala zokuqhuba kunye nemifanekiso ejika umva ukuya ekuqaphelweni okukrelekrele, ukuqhuba okuncediswa yi-ADAS, njl. Ke ngoko, iikhamera zeemoto zikwaziwa ngokuba “ngamehlo okuqhuba okuzimeleyo” kwaye ziye zaba zizixhobo eziphambili kwicandelo lokuqhuba okuzimeleyo.
1.Yintoni ikhamera yemoto?
Ikhamera yemoto sisixhobo esipheleleyo esenziwe ngoluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Izinto eziphambili zehardware ziquka iilensi ezibonakalayo, izinzwa zemifanekiso, ii-serializers, iiprosesa zesignali yomfanekiso we-ISP, izihlanganisi, njl.njl.
Iilensi ze-optical zinoxanduva olukhulu lokugxila ekukhanyeni nasekuboniseni izinto kwindawo yokujonga phezu komphezulu wesixhobo somfanekiso. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zeziphumo zomfanekiso, iimfuno zokwakheka kwelensiiilensi ezibonakalayonazo zahlukile.
Enye yezinto ezisetyenziswa kwikhamera yemoto: ilensi ye-optical
Izinzwa zemifanekiso zingasebenzisa umsebenzi wokuguqula i-photoelectric wezixhobo ze-photoelectric ukuguqula umfanekiso wokukhanya kumphezulu obonakalayo kwi-photo ube sisignali yombane ehambelana nomfanekiso wokukhanya. Zahlulwe ngokubanzi kwi-CCD kunye ne-CMOS.
Iprosesa yesignali yomfanekiso (i-ISP) ifumana idatha eluhlaza ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye nebhlowu kwisenzi, kwaye yenza iinkqubo ezininzi zokulungisa ezifana nokususa isiphumo se-mosaic, ukulungisa umbala, ukususa ukugqwetheka kwelensi, kunye nokwenza ucinezelo lwedatha olusebenzayo. Ingagqibezela ukuguqulwa kwefomathi yevidiyo, ukulinganisa umfanekiso, ukuvezwa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukugxila ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neminye imisebenzi.
I-serializer inokudlulisa idatha yomfanekiso ecutshungulweyo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukudlulisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha yomfanekiso efana ne-RGB, i-YUV, njl. Isixhumi sisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuqhagamshela nokulungisa ikhamera.
2.Zithini iimfuno zenkqubo yeekhamera zeemoto?
Njengoko iimoto kufuneka zisebenze kwindawo engaphandle ixesha elide kwaye kufuneka zimelane novavanyo lweendawo ezinzima, iikhamera zemoto kufuneka zikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana neendawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi, ukungcangcazela okunamandla, ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nobushushu. Ke ngoko, iimfuno zeekhamera zemoto ngokwenkqubo yokwenziwa kunye nokuthembeka ziphezulu kunezo zeekhamera zoshishino kunye neekhamera zorhwebo.
Ikhamera yemoto ikwibhodi
Ngokubanzi, iimfuno zenkqubo yeekhamera zeemoto ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
①Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu
Ikhamera yemoto kufuneka ikwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe -40℃ ~ 85℃ kwaye ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho olukhulu lobushushu.
②Iyawakhaba amanzi
Ukuvalwa kwekhamera yemoto kufuneka kube ngqongqo kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuba imanziswe emvuleni kangangeentsuku ezininzi.
③Iyamelana nenyikima
Xa imoto ihamba kwindlela engalinganiyo, iya kuvelisa ukungcangcazela okunamandla, ngoko keikhamera yemotokufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokungcangcazela kwamandla ahlukeneyo.
Ikhamera yemoto echasene nokungcangcazela
④I-antimagnetic
Xa imoto iqala ukusebenza, iya kuvelisa ii-electromagnetic pulses eziphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo efuna ukuba ikhamera ekwibhodi ibe nokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kokulwa nemagnethi.
⑤Ingxolo ephantsi
Ikhamera iyadingeka ukuze icinezele ingxolo xa kukhanya kufiphele, ingakumbi xa kujonga icala kwaye iikhamera ezijonga ngasemva ziyafuneka ukuze zithathe imifanekiso ngokucacileyo nasebusuku.
⑥Amandla aphezulu
Imoto ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye indawo ekhanyayo ejongene nekhamera itshintsha kakhulu kwaye rhoqo, nto leyo efuna ukuba i-CMOS yekhamera ibe neempawu ezitshintsha kakhulu.
⑦I-engile ebanzi kakhulu
Kufuneka ukuba ikhamera ejikelezileyo ejonga ecaleni ibe yi-engile ebanzi kakhulu ene-engile yokujonga ethe tye engaphezulu kwe-135°.
⑧Ubomi benkonzo
Ubomi benkonzo yeikhamera yesithuthikufuneka ubuncinane iminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-10 ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno.
Iingcinga Zokugqibela:
Ukuba unomdla wokuthenga iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelensi zokujonga, ukuskena, iidrone, ikhaya elikrelekrele, okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lokusetyenziswa, sinazo izinto ozifunayo. Nxibelelana nathi namhlanje ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngeelensi zethu kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-08-2024
