Iglasi ekhanyayo luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwezinto zeglasi, oluyenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisisiseko zokwenza izixhobo ze-optical. Ineempawu ezilungileyo ze-optical kunye neempawu ezithile zomzimba nezekhemikhali, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-optical.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeglasi ye-optical?

Iglasi ebonakalayo inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwizicelo ezithile kunye neempawu zezinto ezibonakalayo. Nazi iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zeglasi ebonakalayo:

1. Iglasi yesilika

Iglasi ye-silicate lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweglasi ye-optical, kwaye eyona nto iphambili yi-silicate, eyi-silicon dioxide, edla ngokuba nezinto ezifana ne-boron oxide, i-sodium oxide, kunye ne-magnesium oxide.

2. Iglasi yelothe

Iglasi yelead ibhekisa kwiglasi ekhanyayo enomlinganiselo othile we-lead oxide eyongeziweyo, ene-refractive index ephezulu kunye noxinano kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezikhanyayo ezifana neeteleskopu kunye neemayikroskopu.

3. Iglasi ye-borosilicate

Iglasi ye-borosilicate yongezwa kakhulu nge-boron oxide, ene-refractive index ephezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kokusasazwa, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iilensi kunye neeprism.

Iintlobo zeglasi ye-optical

4. Iglasi yeQuartz

Eyona nto iphambili kwiglasi ye-quartz ikwayi-silicon dioxide, eneempawu ezintle kakhulu zokukhanya kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali, kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokukhanya kunye nezixhobo.

5. Iglasi yomhlaba engaqhelekanga

Iglasi yoMhlaba engaqhelekanga yiglasi ekhanyayo eyenziwe ngokongeza izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ezinokulungisa iipropati ze-optical kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni amacandelo obuchwepheshe obuphezulu afana ne-laser.

Umahluko phakathi kweglasi ebonakalayo kunye neglasi eqhelekileyo

Xa kuthelekiswa neglasi eqhelekileyo, iglasi ye-optical icocekile ngakumbi kwaye inobungcali ngokubhekiselele kubunyulu bokwakheka, inkqubo yokulungiselela, ukusebenza kwe-optical, njl. Umahluko ophambili ngulo:

Ubukhulu kunye nobunzima

Iglasi ekhanyayo idla ngokuba nobukhulu obuncinci kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ifaneleke ukwenziwa kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo ze-optical. Iglasi eqhelekileyo inokwenziwa ibe nkulu kwaye ibe nzima ngenxa yeendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.

Icandelo

Iglasi ekhanyayo icocekile ngakumbi ngokubunjwa kwayo kwaye ilawulwa kakuhle, idla ngokulungiswa kusetyenziswa iifomyula ezithile zeekhemikhali kunye nezinto eziluhlaza ezicocekileyo kakhulu ukufezekisa iipropati ezilindelekileyo zokukhanya. Ukwakheka kweglasi eqhelekileyo kulula kakhulu, kudla ngokwenziwa ngeesilicates kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo.

Ukwakheka kweglasi eqhelekileyo

Inkqubo yokulungiselela

Iglasi yokukhanya ifuna iinkqubo zokulungiselela ezichanekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana nokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu, unyango lobushushu be-vacuum, kunye nokupholisa okuchanekileyo okulawulwayo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuchaneka kokusebenza kwe-optical. Iglasi eqhelekileyo ngokubanzi isebenzisa iinkqubo zokulungiselela iglasi zesiqhelo, kwaye iindleko zemveliso ziphantsi kakhulu.

Ukusebenza kokukhanya

Iglasi ekhanyayo ineempawu ezifana ne-refractive index ephezulu, i-dispersion encinci, kunye ne-absorption ephantsi yokukhanya, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kwe-optical kugqwesileyo. Ke ngoko, iglasi ekhanyayo ingasetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-optical ezifana neelensi, iiprism, kunye nezihluzi ze-optical kwiinkqubo ze-optical ezichanekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, iglasi eqhelekileyo ayisebenzi kakuhle ekukhanyeni kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nezikhongozeli eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto zokwakha.