Uphuhliso nokusetyenziswa kwe-optics kuncede amayeza anamhlanje kunye nesayensi yobomi ukuba ifikelele kwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, njengotyando olungenabungozi kangako, unyango lwe-laser, ukuxilongwa kwezifo, uphando lwebhayoloji, uhlalutyo lwe-DNA, njl.

Utyando kunye ne-Pharmacokinetics

Indima ye-optics kutyando nakwi-pharmacokinetics ibonakaliswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini: i-laser kunye ne-in vivo illumination kunye ne-imaging.

1. Ukusetyenziswa kweleza njengomthombo wamandla

Ingcamango yonyango lwelaser yaziswa kutyando lwamehlo ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Xa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zelaser kunye neempawu zazo zaqatshelwa, unyango lwelaser lwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwamanye amacandelo.

Imithombo eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya kwelaser (igesi, eqinileyo, njl.njl.) inokukhupha iilaser ezivuthulukileyo (iiLaser ezivuthulukileyo) kunye neelaser eziqhubekayo (i-Continuous wave), ezineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwizicubu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba womntu. Le mithombo yokukhanya ibandakanya ikakhulu: i-pulsed ruby ​​​​laser (i-Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); i-continuous argon ion laser (i-CW argon ion laser); i-continuous carbon dioxide laser (CW CO2); i-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Ngenxa yokuba i-continuous carbon dioxide laser kunye ne-yttrium aluminum garnet laser zinefuthe lokujiya kwegazi xa zisika izicubu zomntu, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kutyando oluqhelekileyo.

Ubude be-laser obusetyenziswa kunyango lwezonyango ngokubanzi bungaphezulu kwe-100 nm. Ukufunxwa kwe-laser yee-wavelengths ezahlukeneyo kwizicubu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba womntu kusetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwezonyango. Umzekelo, xa ubude be-laser bungaphezulu kwe-1um, amanzi ayinto eyintloko yokufunxa. Ii-laser azinakuvelisa kuphela iziphumo zobushushu ekufunxeni izicubu zomntu zokusika nokubopha ngotyando, kodwa zikwavelisa neziphumo zoomatshini.

Ingakumbi emva kokuba abantu befumanise iziphumo ezingezizo ezomatshini ze-laser, ezifana nokuveliswa kwamaqamza e-cavitation kunye namaza oxinzelelo, ii-laser zasetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuphazamiseka kwe-photo, ezifana notyando lwe-cataract kunye notyando lwekhemikhali lokutyumza amatye ezintso. Ii-laser zinokwenza neziphumo ze-photochemical ukukhokela amayeza omhlaza kunye ne-photosensitive mediators ukukhupha iziphumo zamayeza kwiindawo ezithile zezicubu, ezifana nonyango lwe-PDT. I-laser edityaniswe ne-pharmacokinetics idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lezonyango oluchanekileyo.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya njengesixhobo sokukhanyisa kunye nemifanekiso kwi-in vivo

Ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1990, i-CCD (edibeneyo)Ikhamera yesixhobo (yesixhobo) yaziswa kutyando olungenasithintelo kangako (iMinimally Invasive Therapy, iMIT), kwaye i-optics yayinotshintsho olusemgangathweni kwizicelo zotyando. Iziphumo zomfanekiso wokukhanya kutyando olungenasithintelo kangako noluvulekileyo ziquka ikakhulu ii-endoscopes, iinkqubo ze-micro-imaging, kunye ne-surgical holographic imaging.

IguquguqukayoI-Endoskopu, kuquka i-gastroenteroscope, i-duodenoscope, i-colonoscope, i-angioscope, njl.

Indlela yokukhanya ye-endoscope

Indlela yokukhanya ye-endoscope ibandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini ezizimeleyo nezilungelelanisiweyo zokukhanyisa kunye nemifanekiso.

IqinileI-Endoskopu, kuquka i-arthroscopy, i-laparoscopy, i-thoracoscopy, i-ventriculoscopy, i-hysteroscopy, i-cystoscopy, i-otolinoscopy, njl.

Ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo zihlala zinee-engile zendlela ezicacileyo ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo, ezinje ngee-30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, njl.

Ikhamera yomzimba encinci sisixhobo sokufota esisekelwe kwiqonga lobuchwepheshe be-CMOS kunye ne-CCD. Umzekelo, i-capsule endoscope,I-PillCam. Ingangena kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya emzimbeni womntu ukuze ijonge izilonda kwaye ijonge iziphumo zamayeza.

I-capsule endoscope

I-microscope yotyando, isixhobo somfanekiso esisetyenziselwa ukujonga imifanekiso ye-3D yezicubu ezincinci kutyando oluchanekileyo, njengotyando lwe-neurosurgery lwe-craniotomy.

I-microscope ye-holographic yotyando

Shwankathela:

1. Ngenxa yefuthe lobushushu, ifuthe loomatshini, ifuthe le-photosensitivity kunye nezinye iziphumo zebhayoloji ze-laser, isetyenziswa kakhulu njengomthombo wamandla kutyando olungenalo utyando, unyango olungangenisi utyando kunye nonyango lwamayeza ajoliswe kuwo.

2. Ngenxa yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokufota, izixhobo zokufota nge-optical zonyango zenze inkqubela phambili enkulu kwicala lesisombululo esiphezulu kunye ne-miniaturization, zibeka isiseko sotyando olungenasithintelo kangako noluchanekileyo emzimbeni. Okwangoku, izixhobo zokufota nge-medical ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziqukaii-endoskopu, imifanekiso yeholografi kunye neenkqubo zemifanekiso emincinci.