Kwifoto kunye ne-optics, isihluzi se-neutral density okanye i-ND filter sisihluzi esinciphisa okanye esiguqula ubukhali bawo onke amaza okukhanya okanye imibala yokukhanya ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokutshintsha umbala wokuveliswa kombala. Injongo yezihluzi ze-neutral density ezifotayo eziqhelekileyo kukunciphisa ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena kwilensi. Ukwenza njalo kuvumela umfoti ukuba akhethe indibaniselwano ye-aperture, ixesha lokuvezwa, kunye novakalelo lwe-sensor oluya kuvelisa ifoto evezwe kakhulu. Oku kwenzelwa ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinje ngobunzulu obungaphantsi kwentsimi okanye ukufiphala kwentshukumo yezinto kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zomoya.
Umzekelo, umntu unokufuna ukudubula ingxangxasi ngesantya esicothayo se-shutter ukuze enze isiphumo sokufiphaza intshukumo ngabom. Umfoti unokugqiba ukuba isantya sokufiphaza semizuzwana elishumi siyafuneka ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esifunekayo. Ngemini ekhanyayo kakhulu, kunokubakho ukukhanya okuninzi kakhulu, kwaye nokuba kwisantya sefilimu esisezantsi kunye nesithuba esincinci sokuvula, isantya sokufiphaza semizuzwana eli-10 siya kuvumela ukukhanya okuninzi kwaye ifoto iya kuvezwa kakhulu. Kule meko, ukusebenzisa isihluzi soxinano olungathathi cala olufanelekileyo kufana nokumisa isithuba esinye okanye ezingaphezulu ezongezelelweyo, okuvumela isantya sokufiphaza esicothayo kunye nesiphumo sokufiphaza intshukumo esifunekayo.
Isihluzi se-neutral-density esiphunyeziweyo, esaziwa ngokuba sisihluzi se-ND esiphunyeziweyo, isihluzi se-neutral-density esiqhekekileyo, okanye isihluzi se-graduated, sisihluzi se-optical esine-transmission yokukhanya eguquguqukayo. Oku kuluncedo xa indawo enye yomfanekiso ikhanya kwaye enye ayikhanyi, njengakumfanekiso wokutshona kwelanga. Ulwakhiwo lwesi sihluzi kukuba isiqingatha esisezantsi selensi sicacile, kwaye kancinci kancinci sitshintshela phezulu siye kwezinye iithoni, ezifana ne-gradient grey, gradient blue, gradient red, njl. Ingahlulwahlulwa ibe sisihluzi sombala we-gradient kunye nesihluzi se-gradient diffuse. Ngokwembono yemo ye-gradient, ingahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-gradient ethambileyo kunye ne-gradient eqinileyo. "Ithambile" ithetha ukuba uluhlu lotshintsho lukhulu, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. . Isihluzi se-gradient sihlala sisetyenziswa kwi-landscape photography. Injongo yaso kukwenza ngabom inxalenye ephezulu yefoto ifumane ithoni ethile yombala elindelekileyo ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ithoni yombala eqhelekileyo yenxalenye esezantsi yefoto.
Izihluzi ze-neutral-density ezingwevu, ezaziwa ngokuba zizihluzi ze-GND, ezizii-half light-transmitting kunye ne-half light-blocking, ezivala inxalenye yokukhanya engena kwilensi, zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukufumana indibaniselwano echanekileyo yokuvezwa evunyelwe yikhamera kubunzulu obungaphantsi komfanekiso wentsimi, iifoto ezikhawulezayo, kunye neemeko zokukhanya okuqinileyo. Zikwasetyenziswa rhoqo ukulinganisela ithoni. Isihluzi se-GND sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisela umahluko phakathi kweendawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi okanye zasekhohlo nezisekunene zesikrini. Sisetyenziswa rhoqo ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka kunye nokunciphisa umahluko phakathi kwesibhakabhaka nomhlaba. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuvezwa okuqhelekileyo kwenxalenye esezantsi, sinokucinezela ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka esiphezulu, kwenze utshintsho phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama lube thambileyo, kwaye sinokubonisa ngokufanelekileyo ubume bamafu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezihluzi ze-GND, kwaye i-grayscale nayo yahlukile. Itshintsha kancinci kancinci ukusuka kumnyama ongwevu ukuya kongenambala. Ngokwesiqhelo, kugqitywa ukuyisebenzisa emva kokulinganisa umahluko wesikrini. Bonisa ngokwexabiso elilinganisiweyo lenxalenye engenambala, kwaye wenze izilungiso ezithile ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-07-2023
