1.Muraayadaha warshadaha
Waxaa jira saddex qaybood oo muhiim ahmuraayadNoocyada rakibidda: F-mount, C-mount, iyo CS-mount. F-mount waa qalab guud, oo guud ahaan ku habboon muraayadaha leh dherer diiradda ka weyn 25mm; halka marka dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddadu ka yar tahay 25mm, sababtoo ah cabbirka yar ee muraayadda ujeeddadu, C-mount ama CS-mount ayaa la isticmaalaa, qaarna waxay sidoo kale isticmaalaan qalab M12 ah.
Farqiga u dhexeeya C ee kala duwanrakibidiyo CSrakibid:
Farqiga u dhexeeya is-dhexgalka C-mount iyo CS-mount wuxuu ku jiraa masaafada laga bilaabo dusha sare ee taabashada muraayadda-kamaradda ilaa meesha ugu sarreysa ee muraayadda (meesha uu ku yaal dareemaha sawirka CCD ee kamaradda): masaafadani waa 17.53 mm ee C-mount iyo 12.5 mm ee CS-mount.
Muraayadaha C-mount waxay la jaan qaadayaan kamaradaha C-mount, muraayadaha CS-mount-na waxay la jaan qaadayaan kamaradaha CS-mount. Muraayadaha C-mount waxaa loo isticmaali karaa kamarad CS-mount ah iyadoo lagu darayo giraangiraha adabtarada C/CS ee 5mm. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muraayadda CS-mount looma isticmaali karo kamarad C-mount ah.
Muraayadaha warshadaha
2.Xuduudaha aasaasiga ah ee muraayadaha warshadaha
1)Goobta Aragtida (FOV): Waxay tilmaamaysaa aagga muuqda ee shayga la daawanayo—gaar ahaan, qaybta shayga ee buuxisa dareemaha sawirka kamaradda. (Beerta aragtida waa arrin muhiim ah oo la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo qaab.)
Jaantuska muuqaalka goobta
2)Masaafada Shaqada (WD): Waxay tilmaamaysaa masaafada u dhaxaysa hore eemuraayadshayga la baarayo—gaar ahaan, masaafada dusha sare ee sawir cad laga sameeyay. (Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee la tixgelinayo inta lagu jiro xulashada waxaa ka mid ah in masaafada shaqadu la hagaajin karo iyo in ay jirto meel ku filan oo lagu rakibo.)
3)Xallinta: Cabbirka muuqaalka ugu yar ee la xallin karo ee ku yaal shayga la baarayo ee nidaamka sawirku ogaan karo. Inta badan, marka muuqaalka yar uu yaraado, ayaa xallinta ka sii fiican.
4)Qoto dheer ee Goobta (DOF)Awoodda muraayadda si ay u ilaaliso xalka loo baahan yahay marka shay la dhigo meel u dhow ama ka fog barta ugu habboon ee diiradda la saarayo. (Waa lagama maarmaan in la go'aamiyo in macaamilku leeyahay shuruudo gaar ah oo ku saabsan qoto dheer ee goobta.)
Qoto dheer ee jaantuska goobta
3.Xuduudaha kale ee muraayadaha warshadaha
1)Cabbirka dareemaha sawirka: Cabbirka aagga firfircoon ee dareemaha sawirka kamaradda, oo badanaa loola jeedo cabbirka toosan. Halbeeggan ayaa muhiim u ah go'aaminta weyneynta muraayadda ku habboon si loo gaaro goobta aragtida la rabo. Weyneynta koowaad ee muraayadda (PMAG) waxaa lagu qeexaa saamiga cabbirka dareemaha sawirka iyo goobta aragtida. Inkasta oo cabbirka dareemaha sawirka iyo goobta aragtida ay yihiin xuduudaha aasaasiga ah, PMAG lafteeda looma kala saarin mid.
Jaantuska jaantuska ee jajabka sawir-qaadista leh
2)Dhererka diiradda (f): Cabbirka isku-dhafka iftiinka ama kala-duwanaanta nidaamka indhaha, oo lagu qeexay masaafada u dhaxaysa xarunta indhaha eemuraayadilaa barta diiradda la saarayo halkaas oo iftiinku isugu yimaado. Kamarad, waxay tilmaamaysaa masaafada u dhaxaysa bartamaha muraayadda ilaa diyaaradda sawir-qaadista (sida filimka ama dareemaha CCD). (Qaaciddada la xasuusto): f = {Masaafada Shaqada / Dhinaca Dheer (ama Dhinaca Gaaban) ee Goobta Aragtida} × Dhinaca Dheer (ama Dhinaca Gaaban) ee CCD.
Saamaynta dhererka diiradda waa sidan soo socota: Inta dhererka diiradda la saaro oo gaaban, ayaa qoto dheer ee goobta la geliyo sii weynaanaysa; dhererka diiradda la saaro oo gaaban, ayaa qalloocanaysa; dhererka diiradda la saaro oo gaaban, ayaa qalloocanaysa, taasoo keenta iftiin yaraanta cidhifyada sawirka.
3)Xallinta: Waxay tilmaamaysaa kala-soocidda ugu yar ee u dhaxaysa laba dhibcood oo lagu garan karo muraayado ujeedo leh.
0.61 × Mawjada (λ) / NA = Qaraarka (μ)
Habka xisaabinta ee kor ku xusan wuxuu aragti ahaan go'aamin karaa xallinta, laakiin ma xisaabinayso qallooca.
※ Mowjadaha la isticmaalay: 550nm
4)Xalinta AwooddaTirada lammaanayaasha xariiqda madow iyo caddaanka ah ee la arki karo muddo 1 mm ah; cutubka: (lp)/mm.
MTF (Hawsha Wareejinta Wax-ka-beddelka)
Jaantuska MTF
5)qallooc: Mid ka mid ah cabbirrada loo isticmaalo qiimeyntamuraayadwaxqabadka. Waxay tilmaamaysaa qalad sawireed oo ku jira nidaamka indhaha halkaas oo khadadka toosan ee ku yaal diyaaradda mawduuca - laakiin aan dhex marin dhidibka indhaha - loo sameeyo sidii xariiqyo qaloocan oo ku jira sawirka ka soo baxa. Khaladaadka qallooca waxay saameeyaan oo keliya joomatari ee sawirka, ee ma saameeyaan fiiqankiisa.
6)Daloolada iyo lambarka FFuraha waa farsamo—oo caadiyan ku taal gudaha muraayadda—taas oo xakameysa cadadka iftiinka soo galaya muraayadda. Cabbirka furka waxaa lagu muujiyaa lambarrada F, sida F1.4, F2.0, iyo F2.8.
Jaantuska qiimaha daloolka
7)Weyneynta indhaha: Qaacidada loo isticmaalo in lagu xisaabiyo weyneynta koowaad waa sidan soo socota: PMAG = Cabbirka dareemaha sawirka (mm) / Goobta aragtida (mm).
8)Weyneynta Muujinta: Weyneynta bandhigga waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa mikroskoobka. Weyneynta bandhigga ee shayga la daawanayo waxay ku xiran tahay saddex arrimood: weyneynta indhaha eemuraayad, cabbirka dareemaha sawirka ee kamaradda warshadaha (qaabka dareemaha), iyo cabbirka kormeeraha shaashadda.
Weyneynta Muuqaalka = Muraayadaha Weyneynta Indhaha × Cabbirka Kormeeraha × 25.4 / Cabbirka Xariijinta
4.Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee muraayadaha warshadaha
Habka kala soocidda:
1) Loo kala saaray dhererka diiradda: dhererka diiradda go'an iyo dhererka diiradda lagu soo dhaweynayo;
2) Waxaa loo kala saaray daloolka: dalool go'an iyo dalool doorsoome;
3) Waxaa loo kala saaray: C-mount, CS-mount, F-mount, iwm.;
4) Loo kala saaray weynayn: muraayadaha weynayn-go'an iyo muraayadaha zoom-ka ee joogtada ah;
Muraayadaha muhiimka ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo warshadaha aragga mashiinka waxaa ugu horreyn ka mid ah muraayadaha FA, muraayadaha telecentric, iyo muraayadaha mikroskoobka warshadaha.
Noocyada kala duwan ee muraayadaha warshadaha
5.Tixgelinnada muhiimka ah ee xulashada muraayadaha warshadaha
Marka aad dooranaysomuraayad, waa inaan marka hore go'aaminaa shuruudaha macmiilka:
1) Goobta aragtida, weynaynta indhaha, iyo masaafada shaqada ee la rabo: Marka aan dooranayno muraayad, waxaan dooranaynaa mid leh goob aragti oo ka weyn shayga la baarayo si loo fududeeyo xakamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa.
2) Qoto dheer ee shuruudaha goobta: Mashaariicda u baahan qoto dheer oo gaar ah oo goobta ah, isticmaal daloolka ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah; marka aad dooranayso muraayad, dooro weynaynta ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah ee ay oggolaatay xaddidaadaha mashruucu. Codsiyada baahida leh, mudnaanta siiya muraayadaha heerka sare ah ee bixiya qoto dheer oo goobta ah.
3) Cabbirka dareemaha iyo isku xirka kamarada: Tusaale ahaan, muraayadda 2/3″ waxay taageertaa cabbirka ugu badan ee dareemaha kamarada warshadaha ee 2/3″; ma taageeri karto kamaradaha warshadaha leh dareemayaal ka weyn 1 inji.
4) Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo isku-dubaridka isha iftiinka oo dooro muraayad ku habboon.
5) Booska rakibidda: Marka qorshaha naqshadaynta hore loo go'aamiyay, waa wax aan macquul ahayn in macmiilka la weydiisto inuu beddelo cabbirka qalabka.
Waqtiga boostada: Oktoobar-23-2026
