Galasi lowala ndi mtundu wapadera wa galasi, womwe ndi umodzi mwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri popanga zida zowala. Lili ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso mawonekedwe enieni a thupi ndi mankhwala, ndipo limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zowala.

Kodi mitundu ya magalasi owonera ndi iti?

Magalasi owoneka bwino amatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso mawonekedwe a zinthu. Nazi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya magalasi owoneka bwino:

1. Galasi la silicate

Galasi la silicate ndilo mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa galasi lowala, ndipo gawo lake lalikulu ndi silicate, yomwe ndi silicon dioxide, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu monga boron oxide, sodium oxide, ndi magnesium oxide.

2. Galasi la lead

Galasi lopangidwa ndi lead limatanthauza galasi lopangidwa ndi lead oxide, lomwe lili ndi refractive index komanso density yambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zowoneka monga ma telescope ndi ma microscope.

3. Galasi la Borosilicate

Galasi la borosilicate limawonjezeredwa makamaka ndi boron oxide, yomwe ili ndi refractive index yapamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito otsika, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magalasi ndi ma prism.

Mitundu ya magalasi owoneka bwino

4. Galasi la Quartz

Gawo lalikulu la galasi la quartz ndi silicon dioxide, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zowunikira komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, ndipo tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzipangizo ndi zida zowunikira.

5. Magalasi a dziko lapansi osowa

Galasi la Rare Earth ndi galasi lopangidwa ndi kuwala lopangidwa powonjezera zinthu za rare earth, zomwe zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe a kuwala ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga madera apamwamba monga ma laser.

Kusiyana pakati pa galasi lowala ndi galasi wamba

Poyerekeza ndi galasi wamba, galasi lowala ndi loyeretsedwa bwino komanso laukadaulo pankhani ya kuyera kwa kapangidwe kake, njira yokonzekera, magwiridwe antchito a kuwala, ndi zina zotero. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi:

Kunenepa ndi kulemera

Magalasi owunikira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makulidwe ochepa komanso opepuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kupanga zida zowunikira molondola. Magalasi wamba amatha kupangidwa kukhala okhuthala komanso olemera chifukwa cha malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito.

Chigawo

Magalasi owoneka bwino ndi oyera kwambiri ndipo amawongoleredwa bwino, nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zinazake zamakemikolo ndi zinthu zopangira zoyera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe owoneka omwe amayembekezeredwa. Kapangidwe ka galasi wamba ndi kosavuta, nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi silicates ndi zinthu zina zodetsedwa.

Kapangidwe ka galasi wamba

Kukonzekera

Magalasi owunikira amafunika njira zokonzekera bwino, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira monga kusungunuka kutentha kwambiri, kutenthetsa ndi vacuum, komanso kuziziritsa bwino kuti zitsimikizire kuti magwiridwe antchito a kuwala ndi okhazikika komanso olondola. Magalasi wamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zokonzekera magalasi wamba, ndipo mtengo wopangira ndi wotsika.

Magwiridwe antchito a kuwala

Magalasi owoneka bwino ali ndi mawonekedwe monga refractive index yapamwamba, dispersion yaying'ono, ndi kuchepa kwa kuwala, ndipo magwiridwe ake owoneka bwino ndi abwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, magalasi owoneka bwino angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri muzipangizo zowonera monga ma lens, ma prism, ndi zosefera zowonera zamachitidwe olondola a kuwala.

Komabe, magalasi wamba ali ndi mphamvu yoipa yowunikira ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda monga ziwiya wamba ndi zipangizo zomangira.