Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa maso kwathandiza mankhwala amakono ndi sayansi ya moyo kulowa mu gawo la chitukuko chofulumira, monga opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri, chithandizo cha laser, kuzindikira matenda, kafukufuku wa zamoyo, kusanthula DNA, ndi zina zotero.

Opaleshoni ndi Pharmacokinetics

Udindo wa kuwala kwa maso mu opaleshoni ndi pharmacokinetics umaonekera kwambiri m'mbali ziwiri: kuwala kwa laser ndi in vivo ndi kujambula.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito laser ngati gwero la mphamvu

Lingaliro la chithandizo cha laser linayambitsidwa mu opaleshoni ya maso m'zaka za m'ma 1960. Pamene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya laser ndi makhalidwe awo zinadziwika, chithandizo cha laser chinakula mofulumira kumadera ena.

Magwero osiyanasiyana a kuwala kwa laser (gasi, olimba, ndi zina zotero) amatha kutulutsa ma laser opangidwa ndi pulsed (Pulsed Lasers) ndi ma laser opangidwa ndi continuous (Continuous wave), omwe amakhudza minofu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi la munthu. Magwero amenewa a kuwala makamaka ndi awa: pulsed ruby ​​​​laser (Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); continuous argon ion laser (CW argon ion laser); continuous carbon dioxide laser (CW CO2); yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG). Chifukwa continuous carbon dioxide laser ndi yttrium aluminum garnet laser zimakhala ndi magazi oundana podula minofu ya munthu, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa opaleshoni ya anthu onse.

Kutalika kwa ma laser omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira 100 nm. Kuyamwa kwa ma laser a ma wavelength osiyanasiyana m'maselo osiyanasiyana a thupi la munthu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa ntchito zake zachipatala. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kutalika kwa ma laser kuli koposa 1um, madzi ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatenga. Ma laser samangotulutsa kutentha kokha pakuyamwa kwa minofu ya munthu kuti adule ndi kutseka opaleshoni, komanso amatulutsa zotsatira zamakina.

Makamaka anthu atazindikira zotsatira za ma lasers zomwe sizili pamzere, monga kupanga thovu la cavitation ndi mafunde opanikizika, ma lasers adagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira zochotsera kuwala kwa dzuwa, monga opaleshoni ya cataract ndi opaleshoni ya mankhwala ophwanya miyala ya impso. Ma lasers amathanso kupanga zotsatira za kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti atsogolere mankhwala a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira kuwala kuti atulutse zotsatira za mankhwala m'malo enaake a minofu, monga chithandizo cha PDT. Laser yophatikizidwa ndi pharmacokinetics imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamankhwala olondola.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala ngati chida chowunikira ndi kujambula zithunzi mkati mwa thupi

Kuyambira m'ma 1990, CCD (Charge-Coupled)Kamera ya chipangizo (device) inayambitsidwa mu opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), ndipo kuwala kunasintha kwambiri pa ntchito za opaleshoni. Zotsatira za kujambula kuwala mu opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri komanso yotseguka zimaphatikizapo ma endoscope, ma micro-imaging systems, ndi ma surgery holographic imaging.

ZosinthasinthaEndoscope, kuphatikizapo gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, ndi zina zotero.

Njira yowunikira ya endoscope

Njira yowunikira ya endoscope imaphatikizapo machitidwe awiri odziyimira pawokha komanso ogwirizana a kuunikira ndi kujambula.

YolimbaEndoscope, kuphatikizapo arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, ndi zina zotero.

Ma endoscope olimba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma angles angapo osasunthika oti musankhe, monga madigiri 30, madigiri 45, madigiri 60, ndi zina zotero.

Kamera kakang'ono ka thupi ndi chipangizo chojambulira zithunzi chozikidwa pa nsanja yaying'ono yaukadaulo ya CMOS ndi CCD. Mwachitsanzo, capsule endoscope,PillCam. Imatha kulowa m'mimba mwa munthu kuti ione ngati pali zilonda komanso kuyang'anira zotsatira za mankhwala.

Kapsule endoscopy

Microscope ya opaleshoni ya holographic, chipangizo chojambulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona zithunzi za 3D za minofu yopyapyala mu opaleshoni yolondola, monga opaleshoni ya mitsempha ya craniotomy.

Maikulosikopu ya holographic ya opaleshoni

Chidule:

1. Chifukwa cha kutentha, mphamvu ya makina, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zotsatira zina zamoyo za laser, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati gwero la mphamvu mu opaleshoni yosavulaza kwambiri, chithandizo chosavulaza komanso chithandizo chamankhwala cholunjika.

2. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa kujambula zithunzi, zida zojambulira zachipatala zapita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani yowunikira bwino komanso kuwunikira pang'ono, zomwe zakhazikitsa maziko a opaleshoni yocheperako komanso yolondola m'thupi. Pakadali pano, zida zojambulira zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:ma endoscope, zithunzi za holographic ndi makina ang'onoang'ono ojambula zithunzi.