Mu kujambula zithunzi ndi kuwala, fyuluta ya neutral density kapena ND filter ndi fyuluta yomwe imachepetsa kapena kusintha mphamvu ya mafunde onse kapena mitundu ya kuwala mofanana popanda kusintha mtundu wa mtundu wobereka. Cholinga cha kujambula zithunzi wamba mafyuluta a neutral density ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumalowa mu lens. Kuchita izi kumathandiza wojambula zithunzi kusankha kuphatikiza kwa kutsegula, nthawi yowonekera, ndi sensitivity ya sensa zomwe zikanapanga chithunzi chowonekera kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kuti zitheke monga kuya kwakuya kwa munda kapena kusokonekera kwa zinthu m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso mlengalenga.
Mwachitsanzo, munthu angafune kujambula mathithi pa liwiro lochepa la shutter kuti apange zotsatira zosokoneza mayendedwe. Wojambula zithunzi angadziwe kuti liwiro lotseka la masekondi khumi likufunika kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwe akufuna. Patsiku lowala kwambiri, pakhoza kukhala kuwala kochuluka, ndipo ngakhale pa liwiro lochepa kwambiri la filimu ndi malo otseguka pang'ono, liwiro lotseka la masekondi 10 lidzalola kuwala kochuluka kulowa ndipo chithunzicho chidzawonekera kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yoyenera ya neutral density ndikofanana ndi kuyimitsa kuyimitsa kamodzi kapena zingapo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti liwiro lotseka lichepe komanso zotsatira zosokoneza mayendedwe zomwe mukufuna.
Fyuluta ya graded neutral-density, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti graded ND filter, split neutral-density filter, kapena graded filter, ndi fyuluta yowunikira yomwe ili ndi transmission yosinthika. Izi ndizothandiza pamene gawo limodzi la chithunzicho lili lowala ndipo lina silili lowala, monga pachithunzi cha kulowa kwa dzuwa. Kapangidwe ka fyuluta iyi ndi yakuti theka la pansi la lens ndi lowonekera bwino, ndipo pang'onopang'ono limasanduka mmwamba kupita ku mitundu ina, monga gradient imvi, gradient blue, gradient red, ndi zina zotero. Ikhoza kugawidwa mu gradient color filter ndi gradient diffuse filter. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a gradient form, ikhoza kugawidwa mu gradient yofewa ndi gradient yolimba. "Zofewa" zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kwa gradient ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mosemphanitsa. . Gradient filter nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi. Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa dala gawo lapamwamba la chithunzicho kukhala ndi mtundu winawake woyembekezeredwa kuwonjezera pa kuonetsetsa kuti mtundu wa gawo la pansi la chithunzicho uli bwino.
Zosefera za imvi zooneka ngati neutral-density, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti ma filter a GND, omwe ndi theka la kuwala komwe kumatumiza kuwala ndi theka la kuwala komwe kumatseka gawo la kuwala komwe kumalowa mu lens, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti kamera iwonetse bwino momwe kuwala kumaonekera, kujambula zithunzi mwachangu, komanso kuwala kwamphamvu. Zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi kamvekedwe kake. Fyuluta ya GND imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti iwonetse kusiyana pakati pa mbali zakumtunda ndi zakumunsi kapena zakumanzere ndi zakumanja za sikirini. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuwala kwa thambo ndikuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa thambo ndi nthaka. Kuphatikiza pa kuonetsetsa kuti gawo la pansi likuwoneka bwino, imatha kuletsa kuwala kwa thambo lapamwamba, ndikupangitsa kusintha pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima kukhala kofewa, ndipo imatha kuwonetsa bwino mawonekedwe a mitambo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma filter a GND, ndipo kukula kwa imvi kumasiyananso. Pang'onopang'ono kumasinthasintha kuchoka ku imvi yakuda kupita ku yopanda mtundu. Nthawi zambiri, zimaganiziridwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mutayesa kusiyana kwa sikirini. Ikani chithunzicho molingana ndi mtengo woyesedwa wa gawo lopanda mtundu, ndikusintha zina ngati pakufunika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-07-2023
