一,He aha te arotahi UV
Ko te arotahi UV, e mōhiotia ana ko te arotahi ultraviolet, he arotahi whatu i hangaia mō te tuku me te arotahi i te mārama ultraviolet (UV). Ko te mārama UV, me ngā roangaru e taka ana i waenga i te 10 nm ki te 400 nm, kei tua atu i te awhe o te mārama e kitea ana i runga i te whānuitanga hikohiko.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā karāhe UV i roto i ngā mahi e hiahia ana ki te whakaahua me te tātari i roto i te awhe UV, pērā i te karuārai fluorescence, te karuārai UV, te karuārai, me ngā whakawhitiwhiti UV. Ka taea e ēnei karāhe te tuku i te mārama UV me te iti o te mimiti me te marara, e taea ai te whakaahua mārama me te tika, te tātari rānei i ngā tauira, i ngā mea rānei.
He rerekē te hoahoa me te hanganga o ngā karāhe UV i ērā o ngā karāhe mārama kitea nā runga i ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te mārama UV. Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana mō ngā karāhe UV he maha ngā wā ko te silica kua whakaranua, te konupūmā fluoride (CaF2), me te konupora fluoride (MgF2). He nui te whakawhiti UV o ēnei rauemi, he iti hoki te mimiti UV, ā, he pai mō ngā tono UV. Hei tāpiri, me whai whakaaro te hoahoa karāhe ki ngā paninga whatu motuhake hei whakarei ake i te whakawhiti UV.
He maha ngā momo karaihe UV, tae atu ki ngā karaihe plano-convex, biconvex, convex-concave, me ngā karaihe meniscus. Ko te whiriwhiri i te momo karaihe me ngā whakaritenga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaritenga tono motuhake, pērā i te roa arotahi e hiahiatia ana, te mara tirohanga, me te kounga o te ahua.
二、TNgā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga o ngā karaihe UV
Anei ētahi āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga o ngā karaihe UV：
Fngā āhuatanga:
Te Tukunga UV: He mea hanga ngā karāhe UV hei tuku i te mārama ultraviolet me te iti o te mimiti me te marara. He nui te tuku i roto i te awhe roangaru UV, i waenga i te 200 nm ki te 400 nm.
Hekenga Iti: Kua hangaia ngā karu arotahi UV hei whakaiti i te he o te tae me ētahi atu momo whakapohehe whatu kia tika ai te hanganga ahua me te tātari i te awhe UV.
Kōwhiringa Rauemi:He mea hanga ngā karāhe UV mai i ngā rauemi he nui te whakawhiti UV, he iti hoki te mimiti UV, pērā i te silica kua hanumi, te konupūmā fluoride (CaF2), me te konupora fluoride (MgF2).
Ngā Paninga Motuhake: He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he paninga whatu motuhake mō ngā karāhe UV hei whakapai ake i te whakawhiti UV, hei whakaiti i ngā whakaata, me te tiaki i te karāhe mai i ngā āhuatanga taiao.
Ngā tono:
Te Karuārai Hiko:E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā karāhe UV i roto i te karuārai hihi fluorescence hei whakaoho me te kohikohi i ngā tohu fluorescence e tukuna ana e ngā fluorophores. Ka āwhina te pūtake mārama UV i te whakaoho i ngā probes fluorescent motuhake, e taea ai te whakaahua taipitopito o ngā tauira koiora.
Te Matawai UV:E whakamahia ana ngā karāhe UV i roto i ngā mahi tirotiro hihi e hiahia ana kia tātarihia te mimiti, te tukunga, te tuku hihi rānei o te UV. He mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā momo rangahau pūtaiao, tae atu ki te matū, te aroturuki taiao, me te pūtaiao rauemi.
Te tuhituhi:He mea nui ngā karāhe UV i roto i te whakaahua-ipurangi, he tukanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga irahiko hei tā i ngā tauira uaua ki runga i ngā papa silicon. Mā te whitinga o te mārama UV mā roto i te karāhe ka āwhina i te whakawhiti i ngā tauira tino taipitopito ki runga i te rauemi ātete-ipurangi.
Ngā Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero UV:Ka whakamahia ngā karāhe UV i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti UV mō te tuku raraunga ahokore tawhiti-poto. Ka taea e te mārama UV te whakawhitiwhiti tirohanga-a-kanohi, i ngā tono o waho, i ngā wāhi e iti ake ai te pokanoa o ngā arai pēnei i ngā rākau me ngā whare ki te whakataurite ki te mārama e kitea ana.
Te Tirotiro Tūpāpaku me te Tātari Tuhinga:Ka whakamahia ngā karāhe UV i roto i te tirotiro ture me te tātari tuhinga hei whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio huna, kua whakarerekētia rānei. Ka taea e te mārama UV te hura i ngā matū UV-tauhohe, te whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga haumaru, te kite rānei i ngā tuhinga rūpahu.
Te Whakahoromata UV:Ka whakamahia ngā karāhe UV i roto i ngā taputapu whakahoromata UV hei patu i te wai, te hau, ngā mata rānei. He tino whai hua te mārama UV e tukuna ana mā roto i te karāhe ki te whakakore i te DNA o ngā moroiti, ā, he mea rongonui mō ngā mahi maimoatanga wai me te whakahoromata.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka kitea te whakamahinga o ngā karāhe UV i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mara pūtaiao, ahumahi, me te hangarau, ina koa he mea nui te whakaahua UV tika, te tātari hihinga, te whakahaere rānei i te mārama UV.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-27-2023
