Nā te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā karu tirohanga kua āwhina i te rongoā hou me ngā pūtaiao koiora ki te uru atu ki tētahi wāhanga o te whanaketanga tere, pērā i te pokanga iti rawa te whakaekenga, te whakaora taiaho, te tautuhi mate, te rangahau koiora, te tātaritanga DNA, me ētahi atu.

Pokanga me te Pharmacokinetics

Ko te mahi a ngā karu tirohanga i roto i te pokanga me te rongoā-rongoā e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e rua: te taiaho me te whakamārama me te whakaahua in vivo.

1. Te whakamahinga o te taiaho hei pūtake pūngao

I whakaurua te ariā o te whakaora taiaho ki roto i te pokanga kanohi i te tekau tau atu i 1960. I te wā i mōhiotia ai ngā momo taiaho me ō rātou āhuatanga, ka tere te horapa o te whakaora taiaho ki ētahi atu mara.

Ka taea e ngā pūtake mārama taiaho rerekē (hau, totoka, me ētahi atu) te tuku i ngā taiaho pāorooro (Pulsed Lasers) me ngā taiaho tonu (Continuous wave), he rerekē ngā pānga ki ngā kiko rerekē o te tinana tangata. Ko ēnei pūtake mārama ko: te taiaho rūpi pāorooro (Pulsed ruby ​​laser); te taiaho ion argon tonu (CW argon ion laser); te taiaho waro hauhā tonu (CW CO2); te taiaho yttrium konumohe karāneti (Nd:YAG). Nā te mea he pānga toto totoka te taiaho waro hauhā tonu me te taiaho yttrium konumohe karāneti i te wā e tapahia ana te kiko tangata, koia te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi pokanga whānui.

Ko te roanga ngaru o ngā taiaho e whakamahia ana i roto i te maimoatanga hauora he nui ake i te 100 nm. Ko te mimiti o ngā taiaho o ngā roanga ngaru rerekē i roto i ngā kiko rerekē o te tinana tangata ka whakamahia hei whakawhānui ake i ana tono hauora. Hei tauira, ina nui ake te roanga ngaru o te taiaho i te 1um, ko te wai te mimiti matua. Ehara i te mea ka taea e ngā taiaho te whakaputa i ngā pānga wera i roto i te mimiti kiko tangata mō te tapahi pokanga me te whakapūmau, engari ka puta hoki ngā pānga miihini.

Ina koa i muri i te kitenga o te tangata i ngā pānga ā-pūkaha kore-raina o ngā taiaho, pērā i te whakaputanga o ngā mirumiru cavitation me ngā ngaru pēhanga, ka whakamahia ngā taiaho ki ngā tikanga photodisruption, pērā i te pokanga katarata me te pokanga matū kuru kohatu tākihi. Ka taea hoki e ngā taiaho te whakaputa pānga photochemical hei ārahi i ngā rongoā mate pukupuku me ngā takawaenga photosensitive hei tuku i ngā pānga rongoā ki ngā wāhi kiko motuhake, pērā i te rongoā PDT. He tino nui te mahi a te taiaho me te pharmacokinetics i roto i te mara o te rongoā tika.

2. Te whakamahinga o te mārama hei taputapu mō te whakamārama me te whakaahua in vivo

Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1990, ko te CCD (Charge-CoupledI whakauruhia te kāmera) ki roto i te pokanga iti rawa te whakaekenga (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), ā, i rerekē te kounga o ngā mahi tirotiro kanohi i roto i ngā mahi pokanga. Ko ngā pānga whakaahua o te mārama i roto i te pokanga iti rawa te whakaekenga me te pokanga tuwhera ko ngā endoscope, ngā pūnaha whakaahua-iti, me te whakaahua holographic pokanga.

NgāwariEndoskopi, tae atu ki te gastroenteroscope, te duodenoscope, te colonoscope, te angioscope, me ētahi atu

Te ara whatu o te endoscope

Kei roto i te ara whatu o te endoscope e rua ngā pūnaha whakamārama me te whakaahua motuhake, kua taunga hoki.

PūmauEndoskopi, tae atu ki te arthroscopy, te laparoscopy, te thoracoscopy, te ventriculoscopy, te hysteroscopy, te cystoscopy, te otolinoscopy, me ētahi atu

He maha noa iho ngā koki ara whatu pumau o ngā endoscope pakari hei whiriwhiri māu, pērā i te 30 nekehanga, 45 nekehanga, 60 nekehanga, me ētahi atu.

He taputapu whakaahua te kāmera tinana iti e hangai ana ki tētahi tūāpapa hangarau CMOS me te CCD iti. Hei tauira, he capsule endoscope,PillCam. Ka taea e ia te tomo ki te pūnaha nakunaku o te tinana tangata hei tirotiro mō ngā whara me te aroturuki i ngā pānga o ngā rongoā.

Ko te endoscope capsule

He karu hiko hikoi mō te pokanga, he taputapu whakaahua e whakamahia ana hei tirotiro i ngā whakaahua 3D o te kiko angiangi i roto i te pokanga tika, pērā i te pokanga roro mō te angaanga.

Ko te karu hiko holographic pokanga

Whakarāpopototia:

1. Nā te pānga wera, te pānga miihini, te pānga aroātea me ētahi atu pānga koiora o te taiaho, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei pūtake pūngao i roto i ngā pokanga iti rawa te whakaekenga, te maimoatanga kore-whakaekenga me te rongoā whai take.

2. Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakaahua, kua tino ahu whakamua ngā taputapu whakaahua whatu hauora ki te huarahi ki te taumira teitei me te whakaitiiti, e whakatakoto ana i te turanga mō te pokanga iti rawa te whakaekenga me te tika i roto i te tinana ora. I tēnei wā, ko ngā taputapu whakaahua hauora e whakamahia whānuitia ana kongā endoscope, ngā whakaahua holographic me ngā pūnaha whakaahua-iti.