Mmepe na itinye ihe anya n'ọrụ enyerela aka n'ọkwa mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ọgwụ na sayensị ndụ, dịka ịwa ahụ obere ihe mgbochi, ọgwụgwọ laser, nchọpụta ọrịa, nyocha ihe ndị dị ndụ, nyocha DNA, wdg.

Ịwa ahụ na Pharmacokinetics

Ọrụ nke optics na ịwa ahụ na pharmacokinetics na-apụta ìhè n'akụkụ abụọ: laser na in vivo lighting na imagering.

1. Itinye laser dịka isi iyi ike

E webatara echiche nke ọgwụgwọ laser n'ime ịwa ahụ anya n'afọ 1960. Mgbe a matara ụdị laser dị iche iche na ihe ndị ha ji arụ ọrụ, a gbasaara ọgwụgwọ laser ngwa ngwa gaa n'ọhịa ndị ọzọ.

Isi mmalite ọkụ laser dị iche iche (gas, siri ike, wdg) nwere ike ịpụta laser pulsed (Pulsed Lasers) na laser na-aga n'ihu (Continuous wave), nke nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na anụ ahụ dị iche iche nke mmadụ. Isi mmalite ọkụ ndị a gụnyere: laser ruby ​​​​pulsed (Pulsed ruby ​​​​Laser); laser argon ion na-aga n'ihu (CW argon ion laser); laser carbon dioxide na-aga n'ihu (CW CO2); laser yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG). N'ihi na laser carbon dioxide na-aga n'ihu na laser yttrium aluminum garnet nwere mmetụta coagulation ọbara mgbe a na-egbu anụ ahụ mmadụ, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ịwa ahụ.

Ogologo ebili nke laser eji agwọ ọrịa karịrị 100 nm. A na-eji nnabata nke laser nke ogologo ebili dị iche iche n'ime anụ ahụ mmadụ gbasaa ojiji ya na ahụike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ogologo ebili nke laser karịrị 1um, mmiri bụ ihe na-amịkọrọ ihe mbụ. Lasers enweghị ike imepụta mmetụta okpomọkụ na nnabata anụ ahụ mmadụ maka ịkpụ na coagulation, kamakwa ọ na-emepụta mmetụta igwe.

Karịsịa mgbe ndị mmadụ chọpụtara mmetụta igwe na-abụghị nke laser, dị ka mmepụta nke afụ cavitation na ebili mmiri nrụgide, e tinyere laser na usoro photodisruption, dị ka ịwa ahụ cataract na ịwa ahụ kemịkalụ nkume akụrụ. Laser nwekwara ike imepụta mmetụta photochemical iji duzie ọgwụ kansa site na iji ihe ndị na-eme ka foto dị nro wepụta mmetụta ọgwụ na mpaghara anụ ahụ ụfọdụ, dị ka ọgwụgwọ PDT. Laser ejikọtara ya na pharmacokinetics na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ọhịa nke ọgwụ ziri ezi.

2. Ojiji nke ìhè dị ka ngwa maka ìhè na onyonyo n'ime ahụ mmadụ.

Kemgbe afọ 1990, CCD (Charge-Coupled)E tinyere igwefoto ngwaọrụ ahụ n'ime ịwa ahụ obere ihe mgbochi (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), optics nwekwara mgbanwe dị mma na ojiji ịwa ahụ. Mmetụta onyonyo nke ìhè na ịwa ahụ obere ihe mgbochi na nke mepere emepe gụnyere endoscopes, sistemụ onyonyo obere ihe, na onyonyo holographic ịwa ahụ.

MgbanweEndoskop, gụnyere gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, wdg.

Ụzọ anya nke endoscope

Ụzọ anya nke endoscope gụnyere usoro abụọ nke ìhè na onyonyo nke nwere onwe ha na nke a haziri ahazi.

Siri ikeEndoskop, gụnyere arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, wdg.

Endoscope siri ike na-enwekarị naanị ọtụtụ akụkụ ụzọ anya a kapịrị ọnụ ịhọrọ, dịka ogo 30, ogo 45, ogo 60, wdg.

Igwefoto ahụ pere mpe bụ ngwaọrụ onyonyo dabere na obere ikpo okwu teknụzụ CMOS na CCD. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, endoscope capsule,PillCam. Ọ nwere ike ịbanye na sistemụ nri nke ahụ mmadụ iji lelee mmerụ ahụ ma lelee mmetụta nke ọgwụ.

Endoscope nke capsule

Ngwa nyocha holographic nke ịwa ahụ, ngwaọrụ onyonyo eji ahụ onyonyo 3D nke anụ ahụ dị mma n'oge ịwa ahụ kpọmkwem, dịka ịwa ahụ akwara maka craniotomy.

Ngwa nyocha holographic nke ịwa ahụ

Gụọ:

1. N'ihi mmetụta okpomọkụ, mmetụta igwe, mmetụta fotosensitivity na mmetụta ndị ọzọ dị ndụ nke laser, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka isi iyi ike n'ịwa ahụ na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, ọgwụgwọ na-anaghị emerụ ahụ na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ ezubere iche.

2. N'ihi mmepe nke teknụzụ onyonyo, akụrụngwa onyonyo anya ahụike enweela nnukwu ọganihu n'akụkụ mkpebi dị elu na obere mmezi, na-atọ ntọala maka ịwa ahụ dị obere ma dị mfe ịwa ahụ na vivo. Ugbu a, ngwaọrụ onyonyo ahụike a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyereendoscopes, onyonyo holographic na sistemụ onyonyo micro.