He aha kahiMaka IʻaʻO ka lens maka iʻa kahi ʻano lens kāmela i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i kahi hiʻohiʻona ākea o kahi hiʻohiʻona, me kahi ʻano ʻike ikaika a ʻokoʻa hoʻi. Hiki i nā lens maka iʻa ke hopu i kahi kahua ʻike ākea loa, a hiki i 180 degere a ʻoi aku paha, e hiki ai i ka mea paʻi kiʻi ke hopu i kahi wahi nui loa o ke kiʻi i hoʻokahi pana.

ʻO ka aniani maka iʻa

Ua kapa ʻia nā aniani maka iʻa ma muli o ko lākou hopena hoʻololi kūikawā, kahi e hana ai i kahi kiʻi poepoe a i ʻole ke ʻano barela hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia a hoʻonaninani ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hopena hoʻololi e ke ʻano o ka lens e hoʻohuli ai i ka mālamalama i kona hele ʻana ma waena o nā mea aniani piʻo o ka lens. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hopena me ka noʻeau e nā mea paʻi kiʻi e hana i nā kiʻi kūikawā a ikaika, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke lilo i palena inā makemake ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maoli.

Loaʻa nā aniani maka iʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā aniani maka iʻa poepoe, nā aniani maka iʻa pōʻai ʻokiʻoki, a me nā aniani maka iʻa piha. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano aniani maka iʻa kona mau ʻano ponoʻī a kūpono no nā ʻano kiʻi like ʻole.

ʻAʻole e like me nā aniani rectilinear,nā aniani maka iʻaʻaʻole i wehewehe piha ʻia e ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena a me ka puka wale nō. ʻOkoʻa ke kihi o ka ʻike, ke anawaena kiʻi, ke ʻano hoʻolele, a me ka uhi ʻana o ka sensor a pau ma ke kūʻokoʻa o kēia mau mea.

Nā ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano

Nā aniani maka iʻa poepoe

ʻO ke ʻano mua o nā aniani maka iʻa i hoʻomohala ʻia, he mau aniani "pōʻai" ia e hiki ke hana i kahi kiʻi pōʻai me kahi kahua ʻike 180-degere. He pōkole loa ko lākou lōʻihi focal, maʻamau mai 7mm a 10mm, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopu i kahi hiʻohiʻona ākea loa o ke kahua.

Ka aniani maka iʻa pōʻai

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā aniani maka iʻa poepoe e hana i kahi kiʻi poepoe ma ka sensor a i ʻole ka mokulele kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ke kāmela. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, he ʻano poepoe ke kiʻi i loaʻa me nā palena ʻeleʻele e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻāpana poepoe, e hana ana i kahi hopena "fishbowl" kū hoʻokahi. E ʻeleʻele loa nā kihi o ke kiʻi maka iʻa poepoe. He ʻokoʻa kēia ʻeleʻele mai ka vignetting mālie o nā aniani rectilinear a hoʻonohonoho koke ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻi poepoe e hana i nā haku mele hoihoi a hana. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea kahi kihi ʻike 180° kū pololei, pae a me ka diagonal. Akā hiki nō hoʻi ke lilo i palena inā makemake ka mea paʻi kiʻi i kahi lakio ʻaoʻao rectangular.

Pōʻainā aniani maka iʻahoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kiʻi hana noʻeau a me nā kiʻi noʻeau, e like me ke kiʻi kuhikuhipuʻuone, ke kiʻi abstract, a me nā kiʻi haʻuki koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana kahi e pono ai kahi ʻike ākea, e like me ka astronomy a i ʻole ka microscopy.

Nā aniani maka iʻa diagonal (ʻo ia hoʻi ka full-frame a i ʻole rectangular)

I ka lilo ʻana o nā aniani maka iʻa i mea kaulana i ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi maʻamau, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻoihana kāmela e hana i nā aniani maka iʻa me kahi pōʻai kiʻi i hoʻonui ʻia e uhi i ka mōlina kiʻiʻoniʻoni huinahā holoʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he diagonal, a i kekahi manawa he "rectangular" a i ʻole "full-frame", nā maka iʻa.

ʻO nā aniani maka iʻa diagonal kahi ʻano aniani maka iʻa e hiki ke hana i kahi hiʻohiʻona ākea loa o kahi hiʻohiʻona me kahi kahua ʻike diagonal o 180 a 190 degere, ʻoiai e liʻiliʻi nā kihi ʻike ākea a me ke kū. Hoʻopuka kēia mau aniani i kahi hiʻohiʻona i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia, akā ʻaʻole e like me nā aniani maka iʻa poepoe, hoʻopiha lākou i ka mōlina huinahā holoʻokoʻa o ka sensor o ke kāmela a i ʻole ka mokulele kiʻiʻoniʻoni. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena like ma nā kāmela kikohoʻe me nā sensor liʻiliʻi, pono nā lōʻihi focal pōkole.

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia o kahi diagonalaniani maka iʻahana i kahi hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi a keaka hiki ke hoʻohana noʻeau ʻia e nā mea paʻi kiʻi e hopu i nā kiʻi ikaika a hoihoi. Hiki i ka hiʻohiʻona i hoʻonui ʻia ke hana i kahi manaʻo o ka hohonu a me ka neʻe ʻana i loko o kahi hiʻohiʻona, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā haku mele abstract a surreal.

Maka maka iʻa diagonal

Nā aniani maka iʻa kiʻi a i ʻole pōʻai ʻokiʻoki

Pōʻai ʻokiʻokinā aniani maka iʻaʻo ia kekahi ʻano aniani maka iʻa e kū nei, ma waho aʻe o nā aniani maka iʻa poepoe a me nā aniani maka iʻa piha-kikowaena aʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. ʻO kahi waena ma waena o kahi diagonal a me kahi maka iʻa poepoe he kiʻi poepoe i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia no ka laulā o ke ʻano kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hopena, ma kekahi ʻano kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻaʻole huinaha, e ʻoki ʻia ke kiʻi poepoe ma luna a ma lalo, akā e hōʻike mau i nā ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele ma ka hema a me ka ʻākau. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he maka iʻa "portrait".

Maka maka iʻa pōʻai ʻokiʻoki

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kēia mau aniani ma kahi o 10-13mm a me ke kahua ʻike ma kahi o 180 degere ma kahi kāmela sensor crop.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kumukūʻai o nā aniani maka iʻa ʻokiʻoki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā aniani maka iʻa piha, a hāʻawi lākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi me ka hopena hoʻopilikia pōʻai.

Nā aniani maka iʻa liʻiliʻi

ʻO nā kāmela kikohoʻe liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā kāmela palekana, pinepine lākou i nā aniani maka iʻa e hoʻonui i ka uhi ʻana. ʻO nā aniani maka iʻa liʻiliʻi, e like me nā aniani maka iʻa M12 a me nā aniani maka iʻa M8, ua hoʻolālā ʻia no nā mea kiʻi sensor liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kāmela palekana. ʻO nā nui ʻano sensor kiʻi kaulana i hoʻohana ʻia e komo pū me 1⁄4″, 1⁄3″, a me 1⁄2″. Ma muli o ka wahi hana o ka sensor kiʻi, hiki i ka aniani like ke hana i kahi kiʻi poepoe ma kahi sensor kiʻi nui aʻe (e laʻa me 1⁄2″), a me kahi kiʻi piha ma kahi liʻiliʻi (e laʻa me 1⁄4″).

Nā kiʻi hoʻohālike i hopu ʻia e CHANCCTV's M12nā aniani maka iʻa:

Nā kiʻi hoʻohālike i hopu ʻia e nā aniani maka iʻa M12 o CHANCCTV-01

Nā kiʻi hoʻohālike i hopu ʻia e nā aniani maka iʻa M12 o CHANCCTV-02

Nā kiʻi hoʻohālike i hopu ʻia e nā aniani maka iʻa M12 o CHANCCTV-03