He ʻano aniani kūikawā ke aniani maka, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana maka. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai maka maikaʻi a me nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika kūikawā, a he hana nui ia i nā noi maka like ʻole.

He aha nā ʻano aniani optic?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke aniani ʻōlinolino i nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i nā noi kikoʻī a me nā ʻano mea. Eia kekahi mau ʻano aniani ʻōlinolino maʻamau:

1. Aniani silicate

ʻO ke aniani silicate ke ʻano maʻamau o ke aniani optical, a ʻo kona ʻāpana nui he silicate, ʻo ia hoʻi ka silicon dioxide, i loaʻa pinepine nā ʻāpana e like me ka boron oxide, sodium oxide, a me ka magnesium oxide.

2. Ke aniani kēpau

ʻO ke aniani kēpau e pili ana i ke aniani optical me kahi hapa o ka oxide kēpau i hoʻohui ʻia, nona ka helu kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe a me ka density a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea hana optical e like me nā telescopes a me nā microscopes.

3. Ke aniani Borosilicate

Hoʻohui nui ʻia ke aniani Borosilicate me ka boron oxide, nona kahi helu refractive kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana hoʻolaha haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā aniani a me nā prism.

Nā ʻano aniani optical

4. Ke aniani Quartz

ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ke aniani quartz ʻo ia hoʻi ka silicon dioxide, nona nā waiwai optical maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hana optical a me nā mea kani.

5. Ke aniani honua laha ʻole

ʻO ke aniani honua laha ʻole he aniani optical i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea honua laha ʻole, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā waiwai optical a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā kahua ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā lasers.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke aniani optical a me ke aniani maʻamau

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke aniani maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aniani optical a ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana ma ke ʻano o ka maʻemaʻe o ka haku mele ʻana, ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau, ka hana optical, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nui:

Mānoanoa a me ke kaumaha

ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o ke aniani optical a ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaumaha, e kūpono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā lako optical kikoʻī. Hiki ke hana ʻia ke aniani maʻamau i mānoanoa a kaumaha ma muli o nā kahua noi like ʻole.

ʻĀpana

ʻOi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ke aniani optical i ke ʻano a kāohi maikaʻi ʻia, hoʻomākaukau pinepine ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano kemika kikoʻī a me nā mea maka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō ai i nā waiwai optical i manaʻo ʻia. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano o ke aniani maʻamau, i haku pinepine ʻia me nā silicates a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke ʻano o ke aniani maʻamau

Kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau

Pono ke aniani ʻōpika i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau pololei, e hoʻohana pinepine ana i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, ka mālama wela vacuum, a me ka hoʻomaʻalili i kāohi pono ʻia e hōʻoia i ke kūpaʻa a me ka pololei o ka hana optical. Hoʻohana pinepine ke aniani maʻamau i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau aniani maʻamau, a he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai hana.

Hana Optical

He ʻano ko ke aniani optical e like me ke kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka omo ʻana o ka mālamalama, a he maikaʻi loa kāna hana optical. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ke aniani optical i nā mea optical e like me nā aniani, nā prism, a me nā kānana optical no nā ʻōnaehana optical pololei.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hana optical o ke aniani maʻamau a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kahua e like me nā ipu maʻamau a me nā mea hana hale.